ABSTRACT
Saliva is a complex secretion consisting of 99% of water and remaining 1% of organic andinorganic molecules. Sucrose and starches are the predominant dietary carbohydrates in modernsocieties.Among all thefoods consumed by children, chocolates and biscuits are the mostcommon. Therefore this present invivo study was conducted to assess the acidogeniceffect ofcommercially available biscuits on salivary pH among 10 to 15 years old children. Study Designused in the study was In Vivo clinical study (Pilot Trail). The population collected in the survey waschildren between the age group of 10-15 yearsold children. 4 Groups were considered and 10 ineach group. Group 1: Hide and Seek, Group 2: Good Day, Group 3: Dream and Cream, Group 4:Oreo. Sampling method used in the study was conducted as simple random sampling. Ethicalapproval of the study was obtained from Saveetha Institutional Review Board. Informed consent ofthe children were obtained from the parents. Descriptive statistics were expressed by means ofmean and standard deviation. Shapiro Wilks test used to test the normality of the data set.KruskalWallis test was used to find the difference in mean Salivary pH between the groups and within the groups at Baseline, Immediate and after 15min, 30 mins. A statistically significant difference inmean Salivary pH was observed between the groups at Immediate and after 30 mins(p<0.05). Themean Salivary pH was significantly dropped in Oreo, Dream cream and Hide & Seek groups atvarious time-periods. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that maximumdrop in mean salivary pHwas observed in Group IV followed by Group II and Group I. It wasobserved that in all the groups, the pH gradually got back to near normal levels due to the bufferingmechanism of saliva
ABSTRACT
Several studies have reported that Clomipramine has the ability to suppress male rat sexual behavior. Literature indicates that the activation of brain D2 receptors causes facilitation of penile erection, and a number of reports have indicated dopamine's involvement in sexual function. Hence this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Amantadine, a dopamine agonists on the Clomipramine induced sexual dysfunction. The study subjects involved a total of 48 males and 48 females, 4 months old Sprague-Dawley albino rats, all housed in a group of six males and females separately in plexi glass cages in an acclimatized colony room [25 +/- 0.5[degree sign]C] maintained on a 12/12 hr light/dark cycle. The male rats were randomly divided into four groups of 12 male rats each. Group I served as controls. Group II, III, and IV were treated with Amantadine [9 mg/kg body weight, p.o] 30 min, prior to the treatment with 13.5 mg/kg, 27 mg/Kg and 54 mg/Kg bodyweight p.o of Clomipramine respectively for 60 days. The control group received vehicle 1 ml / kg p.o. The sexual behavior of the male rats was observed to determine the following parameters: mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculation latency, post ejaculatory pause, and intromission frequency. As well as the sexual behavior; serum testosterone and histopathology of the testes were also investigated in this study. The results indicate that Amantadine in all aspects failed to antagonize Clomipramine induced sexual dysfunction in male rats. Even the sexual competence of male rats treated with 1/2 therapeutic dose [TD] of Clomipramine failed to regain their sexual competence in the presence of Amantadine. Testicular damage and decline in testosterone levels continued in the presence of Amantadine. Overall, the results suggest that Amantadine could not be a safe antidote to antagonize Clomipramine induced sexual dysfunction